Influence of hexagonal to orthorhombic phase transformation on diffusion-controlled dendrite evolution in directionally solidified Sn–Ni peritectic alloy

The hexagonal to orthorhombic (HO) transformation from β-Ni₃Sn₂ (hexagonal) phase to α’-Ni₃Sn₂ (orthorhombic) phase was confirmed in directionally solidified Sn–Ni peritectic alloys. It is shown that the remelting/resolidification process which is caused by both the temperature gradient zone melting (TGZM) and Gibbs?Thomson (G?T) effects can take place on secondary dendrites. Besides, the intersection angle between the primary dendrite stem and secondary branch (θ) is found to increase from π/3 to π/2 as the solidification proceeds. This is the morphological feature of the HO transformation, which can change the diffusion distance of the remelting/ resolidification process. Thus, a diffusion-based analytical model is established to describe this process through the specific surface area (S_V) of dendrites. The theoretical prediction demonstrates that the remelting/resolidification process is restricted when the HO transformation occurs during peritectic solidification. In addition, the slope of the prediction curves is changed, indicating the variation of the local remelting/resolidification rates.     

Microwave dielectric ceramics in (Mg1/3Sb2/3)O2-ZrO2-TiO2 system with near zero τf and low loss in a very wide range

A series of (ZrTi)_1-x(Mg_1/3Sb_2/3)_2xO₄ (0.04?≤?x?≤?0.36) ceramics were successfully synthesized through the conventional solid-state processing. Appropriate content of CuO was added as sintering aids to promote the density of ceramics. The XRD analysis revealed that the main crystalline phase of ceramics sintered at optimal temperature belonged to α-PbO₂-type structure. Raman spectroscopy and far infrared reflectivity (FIR) spectra were employed to study the phonon modes of ceramics, which explained the relationship between microwave dielectric properties and structure. It is interesting that the τ_f are near-zero (+6.6 ~ ?4.6?ppm/°C) and meanwhile the Q×f are relatively high (29,000–41,800?GHz) for samples with x in a very wide range of 0.10–0.36. In this range, their dielectric constants (ε_r) can be adjustable from 35.4 to 24.4. The results demonstrated this ceramic system is a potential candidate for microwave dielectric applications requiring an adjustable dielectric constants and near zero τ_f.     

基于EEMD能量熵和混合算法的电机轴承故障诊断

针对提升机电机轴承振动信号的非平稳特性和单一粒子群算法(PSO) 优化径向基函数（RBF）神经网络时存在网络收敛速度慢和适应度值易陷入局部最小的缺点，提出基于集合经验模态分解（EEMD）能量熵和模拟退火粒子群混合算法（SAPSO）优化RBF神经网络的提升机电机轴承故障诊断方法。基于EEMD求取振动信号各固有模态函数分量的能量熵，并使用相关性分析方法剔除虚假的分量，把筛选后的有效数据作为故障识别的特征向量；利用模拟退火（SA）算法具有局部概率突跳的特性，将SA算法和PSO算法相结合，在优化RBF诊断模型隐含层参数时以实现不同算法间的优劣互补。仿真结果表明，使用SAPSO算法优化后的RBF神经网络模型在提升机电机轴承故障诊断中能够加快网络收敛速度和提升故障识别精度。     

高瓦斯长大隧道施工通风模拟研究

根据不同隧道施工实际，长大隧道的通风通常选择压入式通风或者成本较高通风效果好的巷道式通风，二者有各自的优缺点。高效、经济的通风是保障高瓦斯隧道安全施工的关键因素之一，通风方式的选择至关重要，合理的通风方式能有效稀释瓦斯浓度，并能够节约施工成本。结合高瓦斯长大隧道工程实际，完成了该隧道施工通风参数计算，采用计算流体动力学软件Fluent构建了不同通风方式下瓦斯隧道施工通风数值分析模型。通过数值模拟，得到了隧道内风流流场分布规律及瓦斯浓度分布规律，为瓦斯隧道容易产生瓦斯积聚的地点并需重点检查的部位提供了指导依据，也为通风方式的选择提供了一定的理论基础。     

基于3D打印铸造技术综合实训模式的探索与实践

以培养学生的综合创新与实践动手能力为目的,探索了3D打印-铸造模块交叉融合开放实训的教学模式在工程训练中心的应用前景,包含课程体系、运行机制及实训效果等内容。3D打印-铸造两模块交叉融合实训使用包括三维建模、3D打印、熔模铸造等技术进行金属材质的产品制造,能够提高学生的工程实践动手能力、激发学生的综合创新能力。此举有效的推动了工程训练中心的模块建设和实训改革,对于工程训练中心后续全面开展模块交叉融合式的开放工程实训具有一定的借鉴作用。     

Three-dimensional upper bound limit analysis of underground cavities using nonlinear Baker failure criterion

A generalized nonlinear Baker failure criterion is employed with the upper bound limit analysis to study the surrounding rock stability of underground cavities. A three-dimensional (3D) failure mode is established by extending the two-dimensional (2D) failure mode, which offers an upper bound expression of the surrounding rock pressure. This method is validated with a series of examples before the influence of four parameters of scale parameter, curvature parameter, shift parameter and lateral pressure coefficient, on the surrounding rock pressure is analyzed. According to these results, failure ranges of the underground cavities are determined. The following conclusions are reached: (1) the proposed approach is more accurate to predict surrounding rock pressure than the Mohr−Coulomb failure criterion; (2) the surrounding rock with large scale parameter, curvature parameter, shift parameter, and lateral pressure coefficient can lead to a more stable underground cavity; (3) the failure range in 3D mode can be predicted according to the upper bound solutions.     

全地域机动车驾驶室声学特性分析

以某全地域机动车驾驶室为研究对象,建立驾驶室的有限元模型,验证了有限元模型的有效性。以此有限元模型为基础构建驾驶室谐响应模型,进行谐响应分析,发现驾驶室后壁板的振动是引起驾驶室内部噪声的主要原因。研究驾驶室内部噪声特性,分别进行了声学空腔模态分析和声固耦合模态分析,发现声固耦合系统声压分布比较均匀,大部分呈现局部模态,主要原因可能是驾驶室后壁板的振动。通过驾驶员耳旁声压分析发现增加驾驶室后壁板的厚度,可以在一定程度内降低驾驶室内部噪声对驾驶员的影响,为同类驾驶室通过依靠结构改进来改善声场环境提供了案例依据。     

一种振动矢量测量及调整的方法

针对消失模生产中振实设备的振动过程不满足工艺要求的情况下会产生的问题,详细阐述了基于消失模振实、紧实过程的测量方法和评价方法,通过使用该种方法可以得出振动矢量和振幅,进而对振实紧实设备和振动紧实工艺进行调整和优化,杜绝干砂振动紧实过程中的各种问题,保证铸件质量。可以普遍应用在干砂振实设备研发、校检、定期维护等各个过程,可以有效提升设备的工艺符合性,减少模样及铸件不合格品的产生。     

高温度梯度定向凝固单相Mg2Sn合金的制备及其热电性能

高温度梯度(180K/cm)定向凝固方法可制备单相Mg_2Sn晶体,通过凝固理论对平-胞转换临界速率进行了计算,并预测了单相Mg_2Sn晶体的生长距离,与试验结果相吻合。此方法获得的Mg_2Sn晶体由于去除了第二相Sn的影响,可以获得更好的热电性能,在测试温度区间300～700K内,未掺杂条件下最大Seebeck系数和电导率值分别可达-261μV·K~(-1)和525?-1·m~(-1),通过Bi掺杂来对电导率进行优化后,功率因子最高可达2.29 mW·(m·K~2)~(-1)。单相Mg_2Sn晶体的热导率也得到大幅降低,500 K时,最小值为4.3 W·(m·K)~(-1),Bi掺杂量为1.5%(原子分数)时,热电优值ZT最高可达到0.21。这一方法可以为制备高性能的Mg_2B~(IV)体系三元固溶体合金提供参考。     

基于粒子群优化的超声共振谱法测量材料弹性常数

超声共振谱法是一种基于材料样品的自由共振频率,再反推其弹性常数的高精度材料力学属性求取方法,该方法在高Q值(品质因素)固体材料的弹性常数计算方面应用广泛。然而对于具有较高黏弹性阻尼的材料来说,受共振谱线平缓、共振频率提取困难等影响,该方法的应用存在一定困难。建立了关于弹性常数的贝叶斯模型,结合粒子群优化(PSO)的全局搜索能力,寻找弹性常数的最大后验概率密度点,最终实现材料的弹性估计。测量了皮质骨模拟材料的弹性常数,与传统方法相比较,基于PSO的超声共振谱方法对弹性常数初始值不敏感,可用于高阻尼材料弹性常数的测量。